The most common patella dislocation occurs to the lateral or outer side of the knee. Medial (inner) dislocation is rare and mainly occurs from a direct trauma. The main predisposing factor for lateral dislocation is the femur rotational misalignments that shift the...

Assessment The entire Lower extremity biomechanical chain must be evaluated as per the neurological and mechanical influences of the pelvis, hip, and foot. Clinical evaluation of the knee and patella alignment as well as visualizing the pattern of compensation...

Knee valvus and vaurs deformities and the corresponding misalignments Valgus; Internally rotated pelvis and Internal femur  misalignments. May lead medial collateral ligament and meniscus damage Varus; Externally rotated pelvis and external femur misalignments. May...

Neurological syndromes and the corresponding knee misalignment. Peroneal nerve entrapment – Posterior fibula dysfunction. This nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve as it passes behind the knee and wraps around the fibula head as it travels down the leg. Compression...

Patella misalignments rarely occurs on its own, usually there is an underlying femur rotational misalignment that shift the tracking groove for the patella to either side, causing the patella not to track smoothly within its designed articulation. Knee maltracking and...